Pages:8

Individual assessment Case study 1

  • Your company is currently discussing a contract for the construction of solar panels with the Government of Vindalubia.
  • Your company is requested pay a motivation fee for the Minister of Energy of Vindalubia in order to facilitate the signature of the contract with the Government of Vindalubia.
  • The CEO of the company asks you to look into this issue.
  • Do you pay the motivation fee? Why? What are the legal aspects you will take into consideration in order to justify your decision?
  • Please prepare a document explaining your decision, your arguments and the legal reasons for your decision

 

 

Assessment Case study 1 Answer

 

We will disagree with paying the motivation fee and considering it as bribery. We will notify the CEO. An act done with an intent to give some advantage inconsistent with official duty and the rights of others. It includes briberybut is more comprehensive;because an act may be corruptly done, though the advantage to be derivedfrom it be not offered by another, this is considered as well as corruption.

The forms of corruption are diverse in terms of who are the actors, initiators, and profiteers, how it is done, and to what extent it is practiced.

The Convention does not utilize the term “active bribery” (to avoid it being misread as implying that the briber has taken the initiative and the recipient is a passive victim). Moreover, that could lead the further company dispute.We will also refer to The OECD Convention.

  • Article 1

Each Party shall take such measures as may be necessary to establish that it is a criminal offense under itslaw for any person intentionally to offer, promise or give any undue financial or another advantage,whether directly or through intermediaries, to a foreign public official, for that office or a third party,so that the official act or refrain from acting concerning the performance of official duties, from obtaining or retaining business or another improper advantage in the conduct of international trade.

We will refer to the United Nations Convention of 2003 Convention Against Corruption

  • Active and passive corruption by a public official

Passive corruption or bribery has been described as the acceptance of any undue advantage by a public official in exchange for performing a corrupt act relating to his or her public functions. Active corruption could be described as the granting of any undue advantage by a public official for himself or herself in exchange for performing an act of fraud relating to his or her public functions. Both offenses can be committed either directly or indirectly.

  • Article 15

The article prohibits passive and active corruption and mandates the States to take measures to establish as criminal offenses.

  • The elements constituting rushing offense are those promising or offering or giving something to a public official.
  • An undue advantage may be something tangible and intangible, whether monetary or non-pecuniary. The unfair advantage, however, must be linked to the official’s duties.
  • Passive bribery requires soliciting and accepting the bribe to constitute an offense.

The primary reason for my decision against the payment of the above mentioned ‘motivation fee’ is that the demand or the ‘request’ for the amount of such a sum of money for the facilitation of the business contract falls in the domain of bribery. The demand for a motivation fee is an attempt of solicitation and extortion from the office of the Minister of Energy to enable the company to construct solar panels with the government of the country. Solicitation is defined as the ‘demanding of a bribe, whether or not coupled with a threat if the demand is refused.’

Resisting such demands and ‘requests’ of solicitation and extortion are imperative for the leadership and executive management of the company to foster and maintain a culture that promotes and encourages ethical and moral business practices within the organization. Apart from the moral and ethical obligations, specific legal considerations also call for the resistance against attempts of solicitation for securing business contracts. One of the major international projects that are aimed at enabling the companies and businesses to resist solicitation during business transactions is the RESIST Program, which is a joint venture between the ICC, UNGC, PACI, and Transparency International (ICC, 2019).

 

 

 

Individual assessment Case study 2

 

  • Your company signed a contract for the construction of solar panelswith
  • the Government of Vindalubia (fictitious state).
  • Your company paid a ‘motivation fee’for the Minister of Energy of Vindalubiato facilitate the signature of the contract with the Government ofVindalubia.
  • A few months later, the Government of Vindalubia terminated the
  • The CEO of the company is really concerned about this issue. CEO asks you to look into
  • What should the companydo?
  • What are the methods of resolving the dispute?Why?
  • Pleaseprepareadocumentexplainingyourdecisionandthereasonswhy? you propose your answer.

 

 

Assessment Case study 2 Answer

 

International business contracts and transactions are incredibly susceptible to a range of global factors and influences that can easily result in the termination of such agreements. It is, therefore, imperative for a company to prepare and plan for conflict resolution in case of international business contracts, especially in the context of dealing with a foreign government. A dispute resolution clause is a vital aspect of a global business contract that outlines the steps and legal procedures that need to be taken to arrive at a possible and viable solution to the conflict.

The company should verify that contract in detail. The contract should be sufficiently precise so that difficulties of complying with the contractual provisions are unlikely, but also flexible enough so that foreseeable contingencies fall within the scope of the agreement. If the company desires an ongoing commercial relation, they may wish to specify that disagreements be initially addressed by re-negotiation, mediation, or conciliation, or other forms of dispute resolution mechanisms as an alternative to court or arbitral proceedings.

A well-drafted contract will also contain a clear and precise clause specifying the dispute resolution technique agreed upon by the parties.

International arbitration is the most common way of solving international business disputes.If the company failed to provide for a specific dispute-resolution mechanism in their contract, they might try to agree after a dispute has arisen.

One of the most fundamental and significant ways, in order to solve business conflicts and disputes between contracting parties, is through the process of international arbitration. It is considered to be more effective in the context of decision enforcement than litigation in the instance of a global business conflict. The company should discuss the possible terms and aspects of an arbitration process with the officials and representatives of the government of the country. The two parties should decide on which arbitration rules and frameworks to follow to solve the business conflict. Some of these arbitration rules include the

  • UNCITRAL Model,
  • Washington Convention,
  • ICC Arbitration Rules etc.

Apart from deciding the governing rules, the parties should also agree on other aspects of the arbitration process, including the choice of arbitrators, the duration and obstacles of the process, and the place of arbitration. Additionalprocedures for solving the business dispute include negotiations, the establishment of a dispute review board, conciliation and mediation,etc. However, reaching an agreement on elements such as the place of arbitration, the applicable law to the merits of the case, and the selection of the arbitral institution and the range of the arbitral tribunal may be complicated(Redfern & Hunter, 2004).

 

 

Individual assessment Case study 3

 

  • You recently joined your company as the Chief Compliance
  • The company is a medium-sized company based in Riyadh doing business in the construction
  • TheCEOofthecompanyisreallyconcernedbecausetheCompanydoes nothaveaComplianceandEthicsTheCompanypreviously haddifficultexperiencesinnegotiatingcontractswithnewclientsand subcontractors.
  • TheCEOasksyoutoproposeanewComplianceandEthicsProgrammetobediscussedatnextTheCEOalsowantsyoutomakeproposalsforaCorporateGovernanceofthecompanyifthiscanfacilitate thesettingupof thenewComplianceandEthicsProgramme.
  • Please prepare a document detailing your proposed Compliance and Ethics Programme and a new Corporate Governancestructure.
  • Explainthereasonsforthisnewprogram,theobjectivesandthelegalbackground.

 

Assessment Case study 3 Answer

 

The establishment of an effective corporate governance structure is necessary for the compliance and ethics program to function efficiently. Some of the proposals for corporate governance are as follows;

  1. Establish clear Vision and Mission and Values to be communicated through all levels of employees.
  2. Establish clear objectives and goals
  3. Establish clear measures for evaluating the performances of senior managers and executives of the company.
  4. Most of the members on the board of directors of the company should be independent actors. An independent nomination committee and a distinct process for monitoring the performance of the directors should be established.
  5. Policies should be drafted to develop a clear and distinct code of conduct for the company. The system of conduct should serve as the guiding framework for all business decisions and activities of the organization.
  6. An independent audit committee should be set up to maintain the integrity and transparency of the financial activities of the board and the organization’s business dealings.
  7. A capable communications team should be established with the sole objective of disclosing all the relevant data and information regarding company activities to the shareholders in a timely and efficient manner.
  8. An independent remuneration committee should be established that designs and maintains fair and just compensation procedures for higher management (ASXGC, 2007).
  9. A Risk Management Committee should be setup, The Committee should have overall responsibility for monitoring and approving the risk policies and associated practices of the Company. The risk management committee will also be responsible for reviewing and approving risk disclosure statements in any public documents or disclosures.

The establishment of a corporate governance structure along with a compliance and ethics program will help in developing a code of conduct for the company, which will govern and monitor all organizational policies and practices. The primary objective of the ethics and compliance program is to effectively protect and safeguard the interests of all the stakeholders associated with the organization. The program will not only enable the employees to carry out their work practices in an effective and ethically compliant manner, but it will also facilitate the shareholders of the company and streamline the business practices with their interests by establishing values of transparency, integrity and disclosure. The corporate governance structure and the compliance and ethics program will also help with the effective planning and implementation of risk management practices (Jackson, 2010).

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has developed a framework for organizations and business that provides a guideline for establishing compliance and ethical practices within the company. Such principles include development and promotion of transparent and effective policies and business strategies, clear and distinct division of responsibilities, protecting the interests and rights of shareholders, ensuring the equitable treatment of all stakeholders of the company, provision of equal opportunities to all shareholders to obtain effective redress in case of violation of their rights, ensuring effective and efficient disclosure and transparency practices, establishing monitoring and evaluation mechanisms and accountability activities within the company, and ensuring that the board of directors and the managerial leadership of the company performs its duties effectively (OECD, 2004).

 

References

 

  • (2007). Corporate governance principles and recommendations.
  • (2019). Resisting Extortion and Solicitation in International Transactions (RESIST). Retrieved December 30, 2019, from ICC – International Chamber of Commerce website: https://iccwbo.org/publication/resisting-extortion-and-solicitation-in-international-transactions-resist/
  • Jackson, G. (2010). Understanding corporate governance in the United States: An historical and theoretical reassessment. Arbeitspapier, Unternehmensmitbestimmung und Unternehmenssteuerung.
  • (2004). The OECD principles of corporate governance. Contaduría y Administración, (216).
  • Redfern, A., & Hunter, M. (2004). Law and practice of international commercial arbitration. Sweet & Maxwell.
  • https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1067491/000106749107000015/exv15w07.htm

 

Pages:6

Introduction

There are four perspectives of scientific management that have been or are in practice across the globe. The Classical perspective, the humanistic perspective, the Management science perspective & the Contemporary Perspectives. Each aspect has its view, and these perspectives have evolved with reference to the current predicament in terms of needs and employee rights. This paper will identify why each perspective evolved and how this evolution contributed towards the evolving of management thinking regarding the employees.

Discussion

The Classical Perspective of Scientific Management presented by Frederick Taylor contributed on how to improve the labor force in case of shortage of labor. Focusing on the production personnel is integral as it aids in maximizing efficiency at work. The reason for evolution of the management was to find the best possible solutions towards management science, and the methods changed as a result of the evolving needs of management. The contributions it gave to the management thinking are, it suggests to choose the most skilled workers that are the best fit for a job purely based on merit and capabilities. (Taylor, 1996)

The needs of every passing year lead to the further evolution of the system. Giving the workers a proper reward in return to their hard work was necessary, and that adding to that. This was integral as it affects the level of motivation of an employee to do their job with maximum dedication and precision. It also aided in enhancing their skills towards the career and excel.It contributed towardsemphasizing the need to manage accordingly in accordance with the rights of the laborers. They neither need to be overburdened with loads of work; no, do they need to be underpaid for their efforts for the business. (Taylor, 1996)

Max Weber created “bureaucracy” contributed towards the reasonable division of labor to ensure equal and adequate distribution of workload. Adding to that, the power system of hierarchical control was introduced to the system. The operation mechanism of handling affairs in accordance with regulations set was also necessary to be a part of this evolution as that bounds the firm not to violate the employee rights. Forming a formal decision-making document was made a part of it to ensure that the process is reasonable and legal personnel administration system is implemented that protect the employee rights. From an administration viewpoint, it was integral to focus on how managers coordinate and manage their activities within the organization that was made aids in making the system work in accordance with the rules and regulations set by law.

The Humanistic Perspective evolved with respect to the impact it had on the societies, businesses, and employee rights. This perspective is derived from the individuals as well as groups of organizations. Its contribution to the evolution of management thinking is the identification of the concerns that employee has. They have their issue with the management that they aim to communicate, and continuous measurement, as well as evaluation of the working conditions of the employees, can aid the managers in making long-term strategic decisions. (Murray, 2018)

This contributedtowards the overall thinking of management to be concerned regarding employee issues and play a role in solving them. Adding to that, the performance parameters for the workers was based on productivity. This perspective led the management thinking to emphasize building relationships between supervisors and workers. It aided them in learning their problems and help solve them in whichever capacity they can. In short, behavior analysis was made a part of the process to not only better understand the causes of the employee issues but to help them come out of those predicaments. (Murray, 2018)

It also contributed in categorizing the workers on Theory X and Theory Y basis. Theory X workers were Lazy. They lacked ambition and had no reason for it. The theory Y workers who are Innovative. These were the individuals that liked working and had self-control. Elements like motivation and Job satisfaction were introduced that are integral in keeping an employee’s performance. If an employee is not motivated or job satisfied, he/she won’t be able to perform well. These two words evolved the management thinking.Other elements that contributed were Communicate, Interpersonal relationship & the ability to manage. All these elements are relevant and contribute immensely towards the management to perform well. They evolved with the passage of time to ensure giving the rightful place to each employee as per their performance.

The Management science perspective evolved the thinking of management as both the past two perspectives were focused on using either behavioral understanding or employ betterment while the 3rd method is scientific. The reason why it is adopted is that enterprises need to solve some complex problems. With the utilization of statistics, mathematics, calculus, and other aspects to be applied in management decision-making and solutions, it aided in making management more precise. It contributed immensely towards the understanding and realization of any plan’s feasibility. Taking out feasibility and focusing on the cost of production, services cost and other costs lead to a precise and most accurate estimate regarding and the decision that the management would need to make. Hence it is justified by helping prove in terms of how much feasible that plan would be. (Uddin, 2015)

Lastly, Contemporary Perspectives comes from changes in social, political, and economic forces. It evolved management by highlighting the three forces that are not in control of any organization or management. These are external factors that need to be considered as well, so these elements were also brought in as integral elements in the debate. If the political predicament changes in any country that will definitely impact the whole predicament. There is another element of people and situations that change over time and affect the entire scenario. It can automatically evolve/influence the management thinking and lead them to decisions. (Taylor, 1996)

Economic recessions likewise impact the whole predicament, and these differences are needed to be considered in order to decide regarding any dilemma. The modern perspective of contingency plans evolved the thinking of management as it is yet very difficult to predict the future, and contingency plans are required that are applied if all other plans fail. This led to the making of the contingency theory. Adopting as per the predicament is integral in order to face the issue. Contingency managers remain connected with the plight as well as have their understanding. They keep the system intact with the need of the day and act in accordance with their own realization of the matter. They formulate a mutually understandable and viable predicament for all to agree upon.

Conclusion

It can be concluded on the fact that all perspectives are interconnected and evolved with respect to the predicament that came to the realization as factors that impact a predicament. Soon as the other aspects of management were realized with the emergence of Globalization, all the management thinking evolved and led to the understanding of all these integral elements as being essential to be considered. The whole perspective of management still keeps growing with new advancements coming. For management, all these evolving elements have become a part of the predicament. Feasibility is equally important as compared to motivation and interpersonal relationships. Each perspective has its own value and they keep evolving with the passage of time.

References

Murray, D. (2018). The Humanistic Perspective on Management. Retrieved from https://www.censis.com: https://www.censis.com/blog/humanistic-perspective-management/

Taylor, F. W. (1996). SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%3A978-1-4613-1421-9%2F1.pdf

Uddin, N. (2015). Evolution of Modern Management through Taylorism: An Adjustment of Scientific Management Comprising Behavioral Science. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915026721

 

 

Pages:4

Aesthetic control and Regulations

Andrews points out that design was previously judged based on aesthetic quality; however, recently, the efficiency of the design has been given the authenticity of meaningful criteria. Aesthetic control by the planning authorities has been widely criticized for being emotive and to some extent, imprecise. This is because the appeal of other inputs such as geography, sociology, and economics happens to be higher than the external appearance of the design (Andrews, 1992). Aesthetic control and regulations must take into account practical considerations such as suitability, the practicality of location, ease of use, a mix of space, context, functional layout, and access.

Jones states that architectural design happens to be a social process as well as a communicative action that responds to the political, social as well as cultural instrumental ends. Design review practices and control are practically and institutionally constrained, which means that the design regulations are subject to hegemonic control as well as subversion or resistance by alternative viewpoints. Thus in a built environment, conformance to specific images and attitudes is often sought over.

Design of Public Houses

Nagy states that the design of the public houses did not accommodate the customary practices of the Qataris because domestic activities which were customarily conducted were faced with immense difficulty to perform because of the closed interactive area. Many of the original occupants complained about the reduced outdoor activity space that the design of the houses provided. This is because the design of a self-contained house near the center of the property could not be changed to add accommodations in size as well as for the needs of the family. The most common criticism, states Nagy, of the public houses, is that they hinder movement, which can be contributed to the design of the house. Furthermore, the plans of the open houses have a lack of provision for majlis structure. The building regulations that require the homes to be set back from the line of the property make houses that have a central yard seem less efficient in the use of the plot.  The regulations state that the homes should be placed on the neighboring plots, which means that residents can have a full view of the garden and house of the neighbor, which is culturally inappropriate for Qataris. Shah shares the same views regarding the use of space as Nagy as he states that architecture impacts social interaction in the sense of personal space as well as territoriality. Thus the Qataris complaining about the lack of space for performing activities and lack of privacy due to house design means the design does not meet the privacy needs. The plan that buildings possess can control as well as dominate people. Shah states that the way traffic can be controlled with speed bumps to slow down the drivers, structures can also influence the socio-cultural traditions and personal identity of individuals (Shah, 2007).

The customary architectural design of the houses allocated to middle-income Qatari citizens before the 1960s regulations had wall enclosing within the living and sleeping structures along with the ancillary buildings such as the privies and kitchens were catered to be oriented toward being accustomed to the day to day activities. However, the public houses granted by the government in the late 1970s and early 1960s were small and self-contained, which hindered the social and cultural practices of the Qataris. The residents had to, in turn, transform their living spaces to suit their needs, and this architectural transformation of the houses indicates that the Qataris engage in a different form of social interaction with the diverse social sphere of Doha.


Municipalities

 that adopt architectural design controls establish various review boards that decide on the design of the structure. The review board is mainly responsible for maintaining an architectural plan that prevents owners from adopting house designs that are not concurrent with the architectural design goals. The proposals to change the design of the house must undergo the architectural review board that includes checking the property value. Property value check involves checking whether the design of one building might depreciate the property values of the adjacent properties throughout the community or not. Furthermore, the construction of buildings should be stopped on the grounds of inappropriateness and dissimilarity. This means that a building that might be incongruous with the other buildings in its surrounding is not suitable.

Recently, there have been several municipalities that have adopted a different range of ordinances for residential homes as well as for architectural controls. These municipalities have expressed fears of uniformity, which is done excessively, and have claimed that the rights of the property owners in terms of renovating homes for aesthetical values must be protected. Some of the ordinances have even indicated which housing styles are permitted that reflect their desire to preserve the existing community character (Rubin, 1975). The ordinance has the authority to establish community architectural controls for private homeowners. Rubin states that this form of power of regulation permits them to enable acts, which in turn allow the municipalities for zoning ordinances. State zoning enabling acts present in the regulations contain authorization for management of appearances and aesthetics, which municipalities usually use for enacting architectural controls for the general welfare of the public.

Housing Policy in Qatar

The very initial phase of housing policy in Qatar was initiated in 1964, which included the provision of homes to the unemployed, disabled, and elderly. The houses offered to the Qataris in the late 1960s to the early 1970s by the state were unfamiliar in their design as most of the homes required adjustments in terms of the use of the house. Nagy states that not only were the Qataris relocating to the city often finding themselves surrounded by neighbors that were unfamiliar but also found apartments to be adjustable to use because of their design (Nagy, 1998).

 

 

References

ANDREWS, K. D., 1992. The Aesthetic Control of Development. JSTOR, Issue 19, pp. 32-39.

Jones, R. A., 2001. DESIGN COMMUNICATION AND AESTHETIC CONTROL: ARCHITECTS, PLANNERS, ANDDESIGN REVIEW. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 18(1), pp. 23-38.

Nagy, S., 1998. Social diversity and changes in the form and appearance of the Qatari house. Visual Anthropology, 10(4), pp. 281-304.

Rubin, B. A., 1975. Architecture, Aesthetic Zoning, and the First Amendment. Stanford Law Review,, 28(1), pp. 179-201.

Shah, R. C., 2007. HOW ARCHITECTURE REGULATES. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research,, 24(4), p. 350=359.

 

 

 

 

 

Pages:10

Introduction

Architectural design undertakes numerous parameters regarding residential buildings. The design process is difficult to elaborate on due to its stakeholders and multifaceted interactions. The design quality of buildings accompanies structural components to determine the design loads. Residential construction in architecture scenarios impacts the aesthetic of the environment (Beazley, Heffernan & McCarthy, 2017). The architecture in the building is the embodiment of a modern structure that undertakes cultural change. Architecture impacts the social, cultural, technical, and economic advancement of a place.  Cultural heritage represents the aesthetic elements in residential buildings (Emmanuel Arenibafo, 2017). The aesthetic elements in residential buildings portray the significance of culture and sustainability. 

Long-term strategies in Qatar have been used to construct more efficient buildings regarding energy efficiency.  The sustainable energy-efficient buildings are built according to the construction regulations to assist aesthetic objectives (HARPUTLUGİL, GÜLTEKİN, PRINS & TOPÇU, 2014). Policies related to developing efficient buildings for improved sustainability are based on certification schemes, education, and training, codes and regulations, and communication activities. In Qatar, a focus is made on residential buildings’ design and architectural regulation to fulfill the need of the community (Deng & Poon, 2013). Promoting the demand for sustainable buildings is based on the necessity of the aesthetic beauty of the environment. Professionals understand the role of energy-efficient buildings for residential purposes and translate this objective into concrete actions. 

Residential facilities in Qatar are aligned to improve the information mechanism for the construction of residential buildings, according to sustainable design and aesthetics. Communication and information activities are central to promote the value of sustainable buildings because they convince architects about the necessity of such buildings. Qatar has the fastest growing economy, and it has experienced steady growth in the past decade (Fadli & AlSaeed, 2019). The complexes of residential buildings are built in a modern uniform style to offer recreational facilities.  Our focus in this research is residential villas in particular and then buildings. The goal of this research is to assess how the architectural regulations, in regards to residential dwellings and courtyard houses, have affected the ugly-fiction of the neighborhood.

Qatari residential projects are affected due to certain factors such as deviation in terms of scheduling and cost. Complex projects vary in time schedule, cost structure, and aesthetic beauty. This activity constitutes the main portion of the gross national product. The architectural design and regulation affect the construction of residential buildings in Qatar (Han & Kim, 2014). This study is designed to examine the current architectural design regulations and their impact on aesthetics.

Research Problem and Objectives

Residential buildings construction is associated with a high cost.  A lack of defined and unified consensus architectural design regulations for residential buildings exist that meet the aesthetic diversity and local identity. This research is based on analyzing the traditional architectural values while satisfying the legal requirements of the construction industry for residential buildings. The aim of the study is to review the current architectural design regulations for residential buildings and identify their level of impact on the current design controls on the urban aesthetics of the state of Qatar. Research objectives are to review the existing residential design regulations in the State of Qatar and how these regulations are being enforced and implemented in Qatar. It will also focus on the residential design regulations and how it is being implemented in other countries. The research will identify the insufficiencies in the current residential design regulations. It will analyze the level of impact of the insufficiencies towards the urban aesthetics in neighborhoods of Qatar.

Methodology

In order to collect data on this matter and to better understand the cause and impact factors of problems, a number of publications will be reviewed. The literature reviews will focus on two main matters, theory, and research. The methodology will analyze literature review, such as reviewing problems of insufficient building regulations in other countries and reviewing the subject of building codes. The analysis of residential buildings will be done. It will further include reviewing the Qatar residential zones under different requirements. The literature review, as a part of the methodology, will also review the different municipality’s vision and development strategies, such as reviewing the Qatar National Master Plan. The study research design process will also include general management. The main concerned management is the Ministry of Municipality and Environment. The administrative structure of residential building regulation consists of permit issues, plan reviews, site inspections, and final approvals.

Research Design

This paper will include semi-structured interviews for qualitative data collection through meeting with parties concerning residential building regulations. The participants in the interview will be officials and professionals from the Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Fire Defense, and other institutes. The questionnaire will add value to the research by investigating individuals about their opinion. It will focus on the selected residents to elicit responses on issues and problems related to the current residential regulations in the country.

In addition to this, site visits will also be conducted to inspect, observe, and evaluate residential regulation practices. The dwellings that will be observed are located in Al-Daayen Municipality. Al-Daayen Municipality has been established in 2005, which is one of the latest municipality’s establishments in Qatar. This is going to provide us with a better and newer result outcome on the impact of residential regulations and the level of its impact on the aesthetics of the urban environment. In previous studies, architectural designs are investigated, but the impact of residential building designs on aesthetics is not inquired. This paper will focus on the intensive involvement of management and architectural regulations for the quality of design service.

The questionnaire will be prepared in the English language and Arabic to meet the different needs of respondents. In total, 50 questionnaires will be distributed among respondents. The number of respondents will be an equal ratio of male and female i.e., 25 males and 25 females. To make some ease to respondents, some will be contacted via electronic mail. Municipality members will be contacted via mail due to their tight schedules. Most of the respondents of this study are high-profile managerial positions and architects. All of them have strong experience working in the construction industry. 

Data Analysis

For this paper, data will be analyzed by using sampling techniques. There are different kinds of sampling, such as stratified, cluster, and convenience sampling. Cluster sampling is used to identify the fundamental reasons for the construction industry as an initial survey (Kim & Park, 2018). For example, an international architect has diverse experience in construction and accommodates aesthetic aspects in development. Qatar has many impressive buildings, and many architects have been focusing on residential ethics as well as beauty aspects.

Stratified sampling will be used to address different aspects, such as to categorize experienced professionals and to focus on international players. It is also essential to know the diverse nature of architects. The design agencies also focus on working conditions and share their extensive experience of work by handling complex projects (Shaaban, 2013). The process of design tendering is significant and complex to identify qualified respondents at the regional and international levels. Furthermore, it also elaborates on the flexible behavior of architecture regulations. 

The most suitable process of pilot testing needs convenience sampling. The international experience of respondents and in the Ministry of Qatar allows for the discussion of the liaison process and diversity of work nature about residential buildings.

Selection criteria

The respondents are selected on the basis of inclusion of the client organization, as on the basis of client pressing issues for residential projects, and to discuss the issues under government regulations. Respondents who belong to interdisciplinary practice projects for design tasks will be selected. Potential candidates from the decision-making industry will be chosen to ensure the accuracy of first-hand data and its validity.


References

Beazley, S., Heffernan, E., & McCarthy, T. (2017). Enhancing energy efficiency in residential buildings through the use of BIM: The case for embedding parameters during design. Energy Procedia121, 57-64. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.479

Deng, Y., & Poon, S. (2013). Professional practice in programming large public buildings in China: A questionnaire survey. Frontiers Of Architectural Research2(2), 222-233. doi: 10.1016/j.foar.2013.04.002

Emmanuel Arenibafo, F. (2017). The Transformation of Aesthetics in Architecture from Traditional to Modern Architecture: A case study of the Yoruba (southwestern) region of Nigeria. Contemporary Urban Affairs1(1), 35-44. doi: 10.25034/1761.1(1)35-44

Fadli, F., & AlSaeed, M. (2019). Digitizing Vanishing Architectural Heritage; The Design and Development of Qatar Historic Buildings Information Modeling [Q-HBIM] Platform. Sustainability11(9), 2501. doi: 10.3390/su11092501

Han, J., & Kim, S. (2014). Architectural Professionals’ Needs and Preferences for Sustainable Building Guidelines in Korea. Sustainability6(12), 8379-8397. doi: 10.3390/su6128379

HARPUTLUGİL, T., GÜLTEKİN, A., PRINS, M., & TOPÇU, Y. (2014). Architectural Design Quality Assessment Based On Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Case Study. METU JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE. doi: 10.4305/metu.jfa.2014.2.8

Kim, J., & Park, K. (2018). The Design Characteristics of Nature-inspired Buildings. Civil Engineering And Architecture6(2), 88-107. doi: 10.13189/cea.2018.060206

Shaaban, K. (2013). A proposed transportation tracking system for mega construction projects using passive RFID technology. Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Proceedings, (2013), ICTP 04. doi: 10.5339/qfarf.2013.ictp-04

 

 

 

 

Questionnaire

This questionnaire is to know about the residential buildings designs and architectural regulations.  The questionnaire is based on six parts, in which some questions are semi-closed-ended, some questions are close-ended and some are open-ended. Participants are from Al-Daayen Municipality, administrative members of residential buildings, and architectures from different residential building professionals.

Part 1

Q.1 For how long you are serving construction industry?

Q.2 Name of your specialty and occupation?

Q.3 Name of your education level?

Q.4 Your channel of training in construction?

Q.5 What is your recent involvement in the industry?

Part2

Respondents profile

Q1. Name of respondent

Q2. Profession level

Q3. Yearly income

Q4. Marital Status

Q5. Ethnicity

Part3

Q.1 Demand for residential services

Q.2  Demand for aesthetic building for residence

Q.3 Programming about construction services

Q.4 Awareness level about construction planning

Q.5 Awareness about residential architecture regulations

Part4

Q.1 Factors influencing design competition outcomes

Q.2 Client’s structure and program issues

Q.3 Prevailed methods of buildings construction

Part5

Q.1 Residential programming methods, i.e. short and long term

Q.2 Benefits of programs used in residential building construction

Part6

Q.1 Profiling information of the project

Q.2 Client’s profile, in terms of experience, ownership and organization

Q.3 Scope of competition

Q.4 communication approaches used for construction

 

 

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